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water falls Waterfalls are natural formations where river or stream water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops, often forming from harder rock layers resisting erosion over softer rock, creating cliffs and plunge pools at their base. While most form from river erosion, others are created by tectonic shifts, glacial carving, or even meltwater from ice shelves, and they can range from gentle cascades to massive cataracts like Angel Falls. These geological features are dynamic, slowly migrating upstream as the base erodes, and are significant for their beauty, impact on ecosystems, and role in hydropower.

Mountains are large,

elevated landforms with steep slopes and peaks, formed by tectonic forces, volcanic activity, or erosion, hosting unique ecosystems and influencing climates, with major types including fold, block, and volcanic mountains, found globally in ranges like the Himalayas